What is Compost?

We may assume that the discovery of composting methods by humans was first introduced by chance, or even by accident by observing nature's work. In the natural world, we see forest floors gather organic materials from the plants and organisms that live there. Over time these organics decompose and produce a deep rich soil which may be called humus, or compost. This seems like the perfect way to return our planet's nutrients back into the soil to contribute to the growth of new life. Healthy compost adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur to soils. It can also help the soil retain moisture and give structure and support for its inhabitants. Not only can compost stimulate plant growth, it can carry the necessary bacteria to resist dangerous pathogens and toxins in the soil.

Of course, we must not forget to give credit to the real producers of soil, the macro and micro organisms that break down organic material. These organisms decompose and refine material and can also contribute to converting valuable chemical components into substances that plants can use. Bacteria, fungi, earthworms, beetles and millipedes are only a few of the many soil organisms that are essential to soil health.

The finished product, after the decomposition process, is largely cells and skeletons of all the micro organisms that participated in this process, partially decomposed organic matter, and inorganic materials including rocks, sand and clay. Nutrients are also present, although the the types and amounts will vary. The amount of nutrients will depend on how the compost was cared for. Important factors include turning, moisture, air flow, organisms and using a correct balance of materials. Although there is no perfect recipe for producing compost, through practice and careful analysis we are all capable of cycling our planet's nutrients in an effective and efficient manner.